Literature Review
by dr. Helder Juvinal Neto da Silva,
by dr. Helder Juvinal Neto da Silva,
Implementation Research, International Master of Public Health Gadjah Mada University,
Yogjakarta, Indonesia.
Introdusaun
Chloroquine hanesan aimoruk ne’ebe hahu deskobre husi sientista sira iha Alemaña iha tinan 1934, normalmente Chloroquine introdúz hanesan tratamentu ba moras Malaria. Hydroxychloroquine hahu deskobre iha tinan 1955 pertenese mos iha grupu chloroquine, en jeral aimoruk ne’e utiliza tratamentu Malaria no mos moras seluk hanesan Lupus, rheumatoid arthritis, no alerjia husi loron matan. (1)
Hanesan mensiona ona katak Chloroquine no Hydroxychloroquine hanesan aimoruk antiparázitu partikularmente , maibe iha investigasaun balu ne’ebe hatudu rezultadu kona ba efetividade aimoruk refere kontra virus tantu in-vitru ka iha animal peskiza, iha resultadu peskiza invitru refere katak chloroquine ho hydroxychloroquine iha potensia atu uza hanesan tratamentu kontra virus, partuklarmente virus Corona, peskiza sira konaba potensia aimoruk refere hahu halao iha tinan 2003-2005 wainhira akontese surtu SARS-1 iha China. Bazeia ba experiensia ida ne’e wainhira mosu surtu SARS-COV-2 iha sidade Wuhan, sientífiku barak mak hahu buka hatene no introdúz chloroquine ho hydroxychloroquine hanesan tratamentu ida iha protokolu tratamentu COVID-19, maibe efetividade husi aimoruk rua seidauk iha serteza, diferente rezultadu entre nasaun sira ne’ebe introdúz, tan ne’e autor hakarak halo revizaun ida atu buka hatene diferensia hirak ne’e. (2)(3)
Objetivu.
Objetivu husi artigu ne’e atu buka hatene rezultadu utilizasaun Cloroquine ho Hydroxychloroquie ba pasiente afeitadu husi Covid-19, tuir evidensia hirak ne’ebe asesivel iha sitiu públiku sira.
Métodu.
Artigu ida ne’e halo revizaun ba estudu klinikal trial ne’ebe hala’o iha nasaun Brazil (Brazilian trial for drug), no revizaun mos literature MEDRxiv (pre-print article). Akumula deit artigu rua iha revizaun ida ne’e.
Konteúdu
Informasaun badak Mekanismu biological husi choloquine ho hydroxychloroquine.
Cloroquine ho hydroxycholoroquine hanesan tipu husi Aminoquinoline, potensia ba tratamentu SARS-COV-2. Mekanismu asaun iha COVID-19 mak bainhira virus afeita ema, nia ba direta iha sélula no kesi-an iha superfisia enzima ne’ebé hanaran angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), hahu husi ne’e mak COVID-19 halo replikasaun iha organismo umanu. Investigasaun sira sujere introdusaun utilizasaun aimoruk rua ne’e tamba aimoruk refere bele interfere iha prosesu ne’ebe mensiona ona iha leten. (3)
Normalmente efeitu adversu komún husi Chloroquine ne’e rasik mak hanesan; alerjia ba aimoruk, vontade atu han menus,sente oin halai, bele iha diarea leve , ulun moras, sente laran beik bele mos kabun laran moras. Perigu seluk husi uza chloroquine mak hanesan pasiente sira sofre; atén, problema auditiva, (hearing problem), problema matan, problema iha gastrika, problema iha rán(blood disorder), problema iha rins. Efetu adversu iha pasiente COVID-19 barak liu mak aprezenta alterasaun electrocardiograma nebe reprezenta problema Cardiaco.
Estudu rua konaba efetividade husi Chloroquine no Hydroxychloroquine
1. Brazil
Titulu estudu: Clinical trial (pre-print article) “Chloroquine diphosphate in two different dosages as adjunctive therapy of hospitalized patients with severe respiratory syndrome in the context of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection: Preliminary safety results of a randomized, double-blinded, phase IIb clinical trial (CloroCovid-19 Study). Mayla Gabriela SilvaBorba, Fernando de AlmeidaVal, et al (4,2020). (4)
Objetivu estudu : Atu halo asesmentu ba seguridade(safety) no efikasia husi Chloroquine(CQ) iha dosajem rua hanesan terapia adjuntiva (adjunctive therapy) ba pasiente hospitalizadu tamba SARS-COV-2. Iha Manaus, Brazilian Amazon
Total partisipante iha estudu: Partisipante (enrolled) 81.
Intervensaun (Experiment): Fo aimoruk CQ iha dosajem(dosage) forma rua: Dozé aas konstitui husi CQ 600 mg kada oras 12 ba loron 10(12 g) ba pasiente 41, dozé kiik CQ 450 mg kada oras 12 ba loron 5(2.7 g) ba pasiente 40.
Rezultadu: Pasiente sira ne’ebe simu CQ ho dozé (dosis) aas aprezenta problema cardíaco makaas liu pasiente ne’ebe simu dosis kiik. Rasio fatalidade iha amostra estudu refere (iha loron 13) mak 27% (95%CI=17.9-38.2%), número ida ne’e as liu rasio fatalidade iha estudu balu konaba pasiente ne’ebe la uza CQ (95%CI=14.5-19.2%).
Mensajem Xave: Author sira iha estudu ne’e la rekomeda utilizasaun Chloroquina ho dozé aas(600 mg kada oras 12/loron, ba loron 10) ba pasiente COVID-19.
2. Estados Unidos da America
Titulu estudu: Retrospective cohort analysis” Outcomes of hydroxychloroquine usage in United States veterans hospitalized with Covid-19” M Joseph, N Siddharth et al. (medRxiv, 4 2020). (5)
Objetivu estudu: Halo análiza ba outcome(mate ou nesedidade uza ventilator) iha pasiente ne’ebe uza Hidroxichloroquine.
Rezultadu estudu: estudu ne’e halo ona evaluasaun ba dadus total pasiente 386 COVID-19, husi númeru ne’e fahe ba tratamentu ho HC n=97, HC +azitromicin=113, la uza HC n=158. Análiza hateten katak rasio mate aas liu iha pasiente ne’ebe uza tratamentu ho aimoruk hidroxichlorquine(HC) 27.8 %, kompara ho HC +azitromicin 22.1 %. Entretantu método rua ne’e (HC, HC +AZ) la redúz nesesidade atu uza ventilator. Iha rezultadu seluk númeru pasiente ne’ebe alta aas liu grupu ne’ebe la uza aimoruk HC 88.6 %, kompara ho sira ne’ebe uza 72.2 %.
Mensajem Xave: Autor sira sujere atu refere ba rezultadu klinikal trial antes atu introduz HC ba protokolu tratamentu COVID-19.
Konkluzaun
Husi estudu rua ne’e hatudu evidensia balu kona ba potensia CQ no HC iha tratamentu COVID-19, maibe hatudu mos rezultadu negativu balu asosia ho aimoruk refere hanesan problema , nune’e rekomenda ba klíniku sira atu halo revizaun ba rezultadu estudu klinikal trial sira ne’ebe halao dadaun hela nune’e bele akumula evidensia diak liu tan.
References.
1. Chloroquine phosphate | C18H32ClN3O8P2 - PubChem [Internet]. [cited 2020 Apr 25]. Available from: https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Chloroquine-phosphate
2. Therapeutic Options for COVID-19 Patients | CDC [Internet]. [cited 2020 Apr 25]. Available from: https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/hcp/therapeutic-options.html
3. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine: Current evidence for their effectiveness in treating COVID-19 - CEBM [Internet]. [cited 2020 Apr 25]. Available from: https://www.cebm.net/covid-19/chloroquine-and-hydroxychloroquine-current-evidence-for-their-effectiveness-in-treating-covid-19/
4. Borba MGS, Val F de A, Sampaio VS, Alexandre MAA, Melo GC, Brito M, et al. Chloroquine diphosphate in two different dosages as adjunctive therapy of hospitalized patients with the severe respiratory syndrome in the context of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) infection: Preliminary safety results of a randomized, double-blinded, phase IIb clinical trial (CloroCovid-19 Study). medRxiv. 2020 Apr 16;2020.04.07.20056424.
5. Magagnoli J, Narendran S, Pereira F, Cummings T, Hardin JW, Sutton SS, et al. Outcomes of hydroxychloroquine usage in United States veterans hospitalized with Covid-19. medRxiv. 2020 Apr 23;2020.04.16.20065920.
dr. Helder J. N. da Silva
Formadu iha Medisina Jeral UNTL
Iha tinan 2011. Hahu serbisu iha Sentru Saúde Soibada iha tinan 2012-2013,
Hospital Referal Baucau tinan 2013-2014
Outubro 2014 hahu serbisu iha MdS hanesan resposavel program Moras Kroniku.
Agora dadaun hala’o hela estudu mestradu implementation Research, International Public Health
Gadjah Mada University, Yogjakarta, Indonesia.
Email: helderjuvinal@gmail.com
No comments:
Post a Comment